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Thesis Review

The Son of the Mosque

Thesis Review Wednesday, 31 March 2010

Title : The Son of the Mosque: Religious Commodification within Social Relationship between Kyai and Madurese Workers in Malaysia
Author : Akhmad Siddiq (CRCS, 2008)
Keyword : kyai, religion, commodification, Madurese workers
Abstract
This thesis attempts to describe manners of religious commodification within social relationship between kyai and Madurese workers in Malaysia, especially through Islamic preaching performed at the kongsi (provisional housing of migrant workers in Malaysia). The process begins from kyai’s visit Malaysia to collect money for their Islamic institutions, e.g. pesantren, madrasah and mosques. Using religious capitals, kyai, as religious leader, perform any Islamic activities amongst Madurese communities in Malaysia to achieve their economic interests. In doing so, kyai consistently keep the habitus of kyai-ship and reveal the lineage, the power of charisma.
Religious commodification is usually produced in a specific cultural context, and thus, it requires a comprehensive understanding of its cultural boundary. Hiding behind the purity of religious teachings, the kyai coming to Madurese worker communities in Malaysia, use religion as a symbolic capital to get their economic purposes. Kyai profoundly know the significant effects of having religious authority; religious attributes, symbols and rituals are very important to maintain their influence in Madurese worker’s life. In the social structure of Madurese, kyai have charismatic power because of their role in Madurese sosio-history, namely in religious realm. According to Zamakhsyari (1982), kyai are leader of pesantren (Islamic boarding school), who dedicate their life to teach Islamic values. Iik Arifin Mansurnoor (1990) classified Madurese kyai into (1) local kyai and (2) supra-local kyai. Supra-local kyai have a bigger role and higher status in the society, so they have a wider connection than local kyai to develop pesantren; find an access to the government, foundations, or wealthy individuals to enhance the pesantren. Unlike supra-local kyai, local kyai have a narrow connection: it is difficult for them to find financial support to develop their pesantren. Some local kyais visit Malaysia to arrange pengajian (Islamic preaching) to collect financial support from Madurese workers.
This research elaborates participant observation and in-depth interview with Madurese workers in Malaysia during a monthly-research-stay at the kongsi in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. I have chosen these two districts of central Malaysia Peninsula because the majority of Madurese workers are working there. Additionally, it is being supported by secondary data.
As conclusion, this thesis notes that the most important things for the kyai’s visit Malaysia is an economic profit; the milieu of religiosity and morality of Madurese worker seems as a secondary consideration. Even if kyai persistently said that the main purpose of their visit is da’wa and to collect financial support for their institution, Madurese workers currently understand what essentially occurs “behind the scenes”. It is no longer a part of religious curiosities. It is a piece of what Bourdieu said as a religious enterprise.

The Dynamic of Javanese Religious Orientation: Early Twentieth Century of Javanese Epistemology

Thesis Review Wednesday, 31 March 2010

Title : THE DYNAMIC OF JAVANESE RELIGIOUS ORIENTATION (Early Twentieth Century of Javanese Epistemology)
Author : Ary Budiyanto (CRCS, 2004)
Keywords : Javanese – Religions; Javanese – Epistemology
Abstract
This thesis studies the important scene of the Javanese epistemology. In the late of nineteenth century and the dawn of the twentieth century, Javanese epistemology evolution was signaled by reformist Islam entering local-traditional of Islamic orthodoxy added by the infiltrating of ‘secular’ worldviews (i.e. humanism, nationalism) and Christianity. The coming of reformist Islam and Christianity (in which many of this Christianity were reformist too) made the traditional epistemology of Javanese bifurcate into three mainstreams: the realm outside the traditional Islam and the Islamic-Court is known as the Abangan realm, and the realm of inside the spectrum of the Courts known as the Priyayism realm. Although, the courts epistemology or priyayism is still embedded within Javanese Sufi epistemology [Islam Jawa] it regards, by the reformist santri, as uniquely a ‘Javanese worldview’.
Thus, the discourse of Islam reformist, Christian missionaries, and modern worldviews [secular humanism and theosophy] made the Javanese to re-cultivate their own understanding of the nature of being Javanese. Subsequent to the depiction of the narration of the late nineteenth century epistemologies of Javanese I will comparatively addresses Samin, Sadrach, and Rifai’, as each “spiritually inspired” Javanese fights for their dignity and identity in the shadow of their belief-system in the midst of the discourses. From there, I attempt to seize the problematical issues of their essentialism acts in identifying and defining their religiosity and ethnicity. In short, this paper tries to shed a light on the constellation of present Javanese religiosity by seeking the nineteenth century riddles. The point of this paper is to reach an understanding the layers of the emerging of the many local religious movements that occurred in twentieth century Java.
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Beberapa waktu silam, kami berkunjung ke Lasem unt Beberapa waktu silam, kami berkunjung ke Lasem untuk studi lapangan. Kota kecamatan ini memang terkenal dengan toleransi dan harmoni masyarakatnya yang berlatar belakang Jawa, Cina, dan Arab. 

Namun, selama perjalanan kami di sana, ada yang mengganjal. Kami tak banyak menemui orang-orang keturunan Tionghoa di ruang publik secara aktif. 

Simak catatan reflektif dari @astridsyifa tentang eksistensi masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa di daerah yang pernah berjuluk "Little Tiongkok" ini di situs web crcs ugm.
Bagi sebagian besar yang merayakan, tahun ini adal Bagi sebagian besar yang merayakan, tahun ini adalah tahun kelinci air. Namun, di Vietnam, ini adalah tahun kucing. 

Sementara itu, sebagian komunitas keturunan Tionghoa di Tanah Melayu merayakannya sebagai tahun kancil. Iya betul, si kancil yang kerap dituduh mencuri timun oleh pak tani. Padahal, kancil mencuri timun karena hutannya habis dibabat oleh manusia. 

Apa pun hewan yang mewakili tahun ini, semoga damai bagi semesta sepanjang masa. 

xin nian kuaile, gongxi facai
Bagaimana jika ajaran agama saya memerintahkan say Bagaimana jika ajaran agama saya memerintahkan saya untuk membunuh manusia lain, sementara perbuatan itu dianggap melanggar hukum oleh negara? Apakah artinya kebebasan beragama saya sedang dikekang?

Apakah kebebasan beragama berarti juga bebas berganti-ganti agama? 

Kebebasan beragama ternyata tidak sesederhana soal seseorang bebas memilih dan menjalankan agama yang ia yakini. 

Dalam bukunya 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘣𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘻𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘙𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘨𝘪𝘰𝘶𝘴 𝘍𝘳𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘰𝘮 (2012), Arvind Sharma mengupas tuntas berbagai problematika Kebebasan Beragama atau Berkeyakinan dan Bung @vikry_reinaldo mengulasnya dengan apik.

Ulasan lengkapnya bisa dibaca di situs web crcs ugm.
Secarik oleh-oleh dari Seminar Agama-Agama (SAA) P Secarik oleh-oleh dari Seminar Agama-Agama (SAA) Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja Indonesia (PGI) sekaligus refleksi Natal dan Tahun Baru untuk Indonesia yang beragam dan inklusif dari @ika.iku.aku 

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