| Title | : | A Case Study of Models of Inter-Religious Dialogue at Pesantren Al Muayyad Windan, Solo |
| Author | : | Muhammad Ishom (CRCS, 2006) |
| Keywords | : | Pesantren – Interreligious Dialogue – Peace |
| Abstract | ||
| Pesantren Al Muayyad Windan (PMW) is situated at the village of Windan, Makamhaji – Kartosuro, Sukoharjo Regency. This pesantren is more commonly known as situated in the city of Solo because it is 3 kms away from the downtown. Another reason is that the activities of inter-religious dialogue conducted by PMW have greater impacts on the situation of the city of Solo rather than the city of Sukoharjo which is 17 kms away from the pesantren. Since the May Riot in 1998, PMW has played an important role in keeping peace in Solo through activities of inter-religious dialogues. These activities are important because the city of Solo has a big potential for conflicts between the Javanese and the Chinese ethnics. Inter-religious tensions between the radical Muslims and Christian fundamentalists have frequently occurred since the collapse of the New Order Regime in 1998. Kiai Dian Nafi’, the director of PMW, has become one of the most important figures in inter-religious dialogues in Solo to build and keep peace there. The involvement of PMW in inter-religious dialogue in Solo is also important to give balanced information due to the stigma that pesantrens are breeding grounds for terrorists. This research is aimed at answering the following questions: what background of thought underlies the activities of inter-religious dialogue conducted by PMW; and what models of inter-religious dialogue are applied by PMW in their interactions with group of people of different religions. To answer these questions, this research was conducted through theological approaches under Knitter’s theory of theologies of religions. The technique of collecting data was conducted with the technique of documentation toward the documents of PMW related to the activities of inter-religious dialogue, literary study on fiqh concerning inter-religious relations, interviews with Kiai Dian Nafi, santri-santri, inter-religious leaders, and grassroots non-Muslims regardless of whether they are involved or not. Interviews were also conducted with Muslim leaders of another pesantren (Pesantren Al Mukmin Ngruki), and the chairman of the Indonesian Board of Ulama (MUI) Solo Chapter. The results of this research are: first, the backgrounds of thoughts of inter-religious dialogue conducted by PMW are: (1) theological reason, i.e.: Quran, 29:46, 3:84 and 49:13, (2) sociological reason, i.e.: religious pluralism, the need for communication and mutual understanding, and (3) personal reason, i.e., the commitment of Kiai Dian Nafi to have an active tolerance and responsibility toward people of other religions. Second, the models of inter-religious dialogue applied by PMW are (1) the replacement model, (2) the fulfillment model, (3) the mutuality model, and (4) the acceptance model. Second, the models of inter-religious dialogue as proposed by Knitter which are based on Christian views are also applicable to analyze Muslim attitudes toward other religions, especially Christianity. |
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Arsip:
Thesis Review
| Title | : | Ethnic Riot Fragility between Bugeese-Macassarese and Chinese in Makassar Municipality, South Sulawesi |
| Author | : | Mustamin (CRCS, 2006) |
| Keywords | : | ethnicity, conflict, riot |
| Abstract | ||
| The ethnically riotous incident of mass disorder in Makassar city which involved Bugeese-Macassarese and Chinese ethnicities commonly stemmed from a similar event, i.e. from a purely criminal event to a widely violent action. The ethnic violence is in fact a multidimensional accumulation of the problems ending up in an attack towards the Chinese ethnicity. Therefore, it is urgent to observe the phenomenon in order to give a broader understanding at the underlying factors of the conflict that it would reduce its occurrence in the future. The thesis is a descriptive-analytical research on the problem above based on literary sources and interviews with some respondents from both Bugeese-Macassarese and Chinese ethnicities in Makassar city that it is possible to have a common picture of the conflict from their respective points of view. The fundamental questions asked during the interviews included political, economic, religious and socio-cultural dimensions which have potential to give rise to a conflict in the relations between Bugeese-Macassarese and Chinese ethnicities. The sociological approach used during the research consists of inter-ethnic relations in the areas of trade, political representation, and cross-cultural appreciation. The research showed us that the ethnic violence was built upon structural conditions signified by the economic domination of the Chinese ethnicity which the Bugeese-Macassarese in Makassar city were incapable of copying with. On the other hand, the latter is dominant in the arena of politics which is very strategic for a public policy-making. The lack of a mass media which is able to be a melting pot for the two ethnicities is a fact behind the ethnic perceptions and prejudices. Moreover, some policies made by the government seem to strengthen and perpetuate their primordially ethnic symbols of identity and, in turn, help cause the potential violence itself. Based on the fact above, the research recommends a model of conflict prevention locally initiated through the establishment of cross-ethnic institutions. |
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| Title | : | Deconstruction of Exclusivism in Religion: Case Study of Windu Community in Lamongan East Java |
| Author | : | Nasruddin (CRCS, 2005) |
| Keywords | : | deconstruction, religious exclusiveness, Windu society, religious narrative |
| Abstract | ||
| This research aims at proposing models of deconstruction to solve the exclusiveness of religiosity causing negative effects in the Windu social life. This research uses social phenomena of case study as method of research. To collect and gather the data, this research conducts deep interview and direct active participant in the field of the research. To analyze the data, this research has three steps. First, it perform all data before selecting it. Second, it reduces and ignore unintended data. Third, it analyze and interpret the data. This research shows that the exclusiveness of religious form that caused negative effects in the Windu social life are follow (i) the labeling infidelity for the other religious person or community, (ii) religious prejudice used as an effective tool to dismantle the existence of the others’ worship place, (iii) propoke and agitate religious community to give negative response toward the existence of Christian health public service, (iv) domination of social status by Christian and economic gap arose tension, conflict, violence, and (v) using religious jargon and symbols to attain local political power and role. The factors caused the exclusiveness of religious forms are from internal factor and external. Internal factor included religious narrative/texts, doctrine, and interpretation, while external one refers to economical and social realm as well as political power struggle. This research nominates some models of deconstruction in order to copy with the exclusiveness in religion in the Windu. Here are models of deconstruction. First, we have to reread and reinterpret the word “infidel” in the holy book so we find new meaning as alternative way to wipe out the social hierarchy or status. Hence, we have to prejudice every word whose meaning has been abused by scholars to support their position in socio-political life/hierarchy like the word infidel, (ii) we must introduce inclusive-neighborhood theology as advance step to break the exclusiveness of religiosity in the Windu, (iii) we have to propose human values (humanity) rather than privilege the egoism of religious doctrine, (iv) creating interfaith dialogue to break the social stagnation and tension, and (v) enjoin Muslim and Christian to reinterpret the revelation and the function of religion for human beings. |
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| Title | : | The Concept of Salvation for Ahl Al-Kitab in the Tafsir Al-Maraghi |
| Keywords | : | Al-Maraghi, Tafsīr al-Maraghī, ahl al-kitāb, salvation |
| Abstract | ||
| The main aim of the research is to review al-Maraghi’s interpretation of the ahl al-kitāb and their salvations. The model of research is library research. Then, abundant data was collected from Tafsīr al-Maraghī, especially his interpretations related to the topic. All of the data were collected by using Qur’anic concordance. The verses are collected by refer to words or phrases which indicated to the conditions, appreciations, and salvation of ahl al-kitāb. Then they will be classified according to the content and al-Maraghi’s interpretations.The primary result of the research is that, according to al-Maraghi, basically all of the ahl al-kitāb communities will get salvation if they have “surrender to the will of God” or have islam (in it general meaning). However, in another side of his exegeses, he also emphasize that the salvation for them must be restricted to believe in Muhammad. In another word, in order to get salvation they need to convert as Moslem first. Actually, this kind of doctrine, according to al-Maraghi, has been written down in their own sacred texts, but it corrupted by the writers or the scholars since the first time.Finally, it is worth noting that most of al-Maraghi’s exegeses about the salvation of ahl al-kitāb are inclusive ones. This can be proving from the fact that most of his interpretations are tend to appreciate to their spirituality and belief. | ||
| Title | : | Sunan Kudus’ Dakwah and Inter-Religious Relationship |
| Author | : | Zaenal Muttaqin (CRCS, 2005) |
| Keywords | : | Sunan Kudus’ tolerance, cultural dakwah, inter-religious harmony |
| Abstract | ||
| This research aims at exploring the strategy of dakwah applied by Sunan Kudus when preaching Islam in the early period of Islam in Java and the model of inter-religious relationship occurred in his lifetime. Islam was initially spread in Kudus by Muslims traders from Arab and China. In Kudus, before the coming of Islam, most people were Hindus. Others held Buddhism and local religious beliefs, i.e. animism and dynamism. Not sooner did Sunan Kudus arrive, he became aware that Islam should be taught by using local traditions. He tried to understand previous religious traditions existing in Kudus and then decided to preach Islam while still retaining traditions followed by local people to create harmony in society. The media used by Sunan Kudus to introduce Islam were the prohibition of slaughtering cow as a valuation to Hindus teaching, building temple-shape minaret of Kudus mosque as an architectural combination, and building an eight waterspouts cistern as an appreciation of eightfold path of Buddhism. However, the accommodation and tolerance to other religions did not neglect the prime focus of Sunan Kudus, i.e. preaching Islam to religious others. The goal to convert Hindus and Buddhist people to Islam in Sunan Kudus’ dakwah was indicated as the fulfillment model of inter-religious relationship. From his attitudes to other religious teachings and symbols, Sunan Kudus honored other religions. The valuation of cow as holy in Hinduism, the temple-shape minaret of Al-Aqsha mosque, and the eight waterspout cistern had become the acknowledgement of Sunan Kudus that there were any other ways of salvation within non-Islam religions, particularly Hinduism and Buddhism. Yet he kept on his way preaching Islam since he convinced that Islam is the last and final truth and revelation. |
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| Title | : | Peace and Dialogue: Sociological Review of Dialogue and Peace Initiative in Ambon 1999 – 2004 |
| Author | : | Yance Zadrak Rumahuru (CRCS, 2005) |
| Keywords | : | conflict, dialogue, social community |
| Abstract | : | |
| This thesis explores the great theme of peace and dialogue within the context of social community (religious people) in Ambon that is reviewed through sociology approach. The study aims to, first, describe how parties involved in communal conflict in Ambon developed dialogue and peace efforts; second, give a map of dialogue process and peace effort done by government and community groups during the conflict in Ambon. It is a disadvantage that discourses about Maluku during conflict tend to be done in form of dichotomy and confrontation between religious communities that blasphemed and killed each other, and just looking for their own trueness or discover violence aspect of the conflict rather than discover some facts on efforts of community groups and government in building dialogue and peace. This research was done in Ambon, by focusing in two locations: Negeri Batumerah in Sirimau subdistrict and Negeri Passo in Teluk Ambon Baguala subdistrict of Ambon town. The choice of these regions is based on consideration that Batumerah and Passo are places that were centers of conflict in Ambon in 1999 to 2002. Second, each negeri has a high level of diversity especially in ethnic background. Third, Batumerah and Passo are customary areas, which culturally have common cultures and traditions with other areas in Ambon and Maluku Tengah entirely. Subjects of the research are kings, local figures, community figures, and youths in two regions. To get data required, the author gave questionnaire consisting of questions with close answers and open answers the respondents should fill. Then, the author made focus group discussion (FGD) with community groups in Batumerah and Passo. Third, in-depth interview was done with 14 informants in the two regions. Research in Passo and Batumerah indicates that government and community groups use structural and cultural approach in order to cease and settle conflict as prerequisite to build reconciliation and rehabilitation in Maluku. However, there is assessment by the local community that government (state) tended to use a structural approach. On the other side, communal groups made dialogue and peace initiative through a bottom- up approach and used local wisdom or pride that in this thesis is called cultural approach. |
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