| Title | : | Discrimination Against a Religious Minority: A Case of the Existence of the Tolotang Community in Amparita Tellu Limpoe Sidenreng Rappang South Sulawesi |
| Author | : | Hasse J (CRCS, 2004) |
| Keywords | : | Tolotang, religious discrimination, religious minority, inter-religious relation, religion and state |
| Abstract | : | |
| This research aims to inquire about the existence of the Tolotang community and discrimination that is experienced by Tolotang in Amparita. There are two hypotheses proposed: (1) There are some factors that supporting the existence of Tolotang community even though Tolotang people live as a minority in their community. (2) There are also some discrimination experienced by the Tolotang which come not only from society but also from the government.This research is a field research which uses the qualitative approach. The object of research is followers of the Tolotang religion who live in Amparita and other places in Sidenreng Rappang regency. The research finds that the Tolotang people do a number of things to survive and develop until now. As strategies, the Tolotang cooperate with the outside community which is stable in the frame of Tolotang teaching, understand the Tolotang teaching, leadership and follower regeneration, avoid interfaith marriage, and affiliate with one of the recognized religions in Indonesia. However, the existence of Tolotang is not free from the kind of discriminations that come from society and government. The first discrimination is stigma that marginalizes Tolotang followers. It is from society that does not agree with Tolotang existence. The second is from Indonesia government through government policies that limit Tolotang followers in improving and practicing their teachings. | ||
Arsip:
Thesis Review
| Title | : | Jalan Jalang Ketuhanan: Gatholoco dan Dekonstruksi Santri Brai |
| Author | : | Herusiswanto (CRCS, 2009) |
| Keywords | : | serat suluk gatholoco, literature, sufism, religion, and culture |
| Abstract | ||
| Serat Gatholoco is one of Javanese literatures that was written in the end of 19th century. Generally, it is still considered a controversial writing. It is often regarded as an immoralist writing that is sung to blasphemy Islam.This research is an effort to read the Serat Gatholoco intertextually in relation with other Javanese suluk texts. It means this reading is done with involve other Javanese suluk texts and certain sufistic views as a paradigm of the literature. In other words, the aim of this reading is to find the textual connection between Serat Gatholoco and other Javanese suluk texts. The textual connection is considered as a fundamental characteristic of traditional Javanese literature. The result of this research shows that if Serat Gatholoco is read intertextually, its discourses seem usual in front of other Javanese suluk texts or under the sufistic perspective. It means, Serat Gatholoco is just a piece of poem which sings the popular theme of Javanese suluk literature with, of course, its unique literary style. Even, the mode of Islamic life that is practiced by Gatholoco—the leading role of Serat Gatholoco—has a precedent in sufism. |
||
| Title | : | Searching of Hindu Cultural Identity: Studies in the Hindu Community of Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta |
| Author | : | I Gde Jayakumara (CRCS, 2007) |
| Keywords | : | Banguntapan, Culture, Identity, Hindu |
| Abstract | ||
| The thesis focuses on how the Hindu community of Banguntapan comprising 200-300 individuals survives and even develops parallel with the existing traditions and the new rituals that represent the Hinduism introduced by the Balinese intellectuals with state legitimacy. In other words, the main theme raised here is the issue of Hindu identity because they deny converting to other majority religions in one hand and in other hand they also deny to embrace the kind of Balinese and Indian Hindus that are externally introduced as the main reference in their religious activities.The main theme is classified into two problems, which are: (1) How does the Hindu community of Banguntapan survive the encirclement? and (2) How does the Hindu community of Bangutapan react to the encirclement and even develop in it? The first question is answered using Berger’s triad dialectics theory consisting of: externalization, objectification and internalization. The dialectic relation results in a new religious institution, which is the temple in which the Hindu community of Banguntapan is socially at home. However, the triad dialectics causes the religious institution develops autonomously. Thus, the phenomena of homelessness of the community remain. The second question is answered using a dynamic syncretism theory as suggested by Ben Anderson. The theory does not spotlight the details of the psychological dynamics of the community and hence Nietzsche’s hermeneutics theory of the will to unity and the will to power is also used. Thus, the issue of the cultural identity of the Hindu community of Banguntapan is considered to be the process of becoming in which an intricate relation between the will to power (spirituality) and the will to unity (religion) exists. In other words, the community uses in one hand the reference of Javanese traditions as the exercise to empower themselves, while at the same time commits a self-fusion by embracing the religion that both are directed to the achievement of a higher humanity quality. |
||
| Title | : | The Phenomenon of Sampradayas within the Dynamics of Hinduism in Bali |
| Author | : | I Gusti Putu Gede Widiana (CRCS, 2006) |
| Keywords | : | sampradaya, dynamics, Hinduism, Balinese culture |
| Abstract | ||
| The topic of this paper is the phenomenon of sampradayas within Hinduism in Bali. Until now, very few social researchers have taken them into account. Therefore, I hope that I can disclose some important things related to social religious dynamics of the Balinese Hindu community since the appearance of sampradayas in the second half of the 20th century. The paper will explain the characteristics of three sampradayas, the response of Balinese Hindu to them, and their influence on the institution of Parisada and the institution of Desa Pekraman.The research is qualitative, using field observation, interviews with the respondents, participation in their activities, and collecting other important data. To understand the influence of sampradayas on the institution of Parisada and the institution of Desa Pekraman I collected information, which was reported and documented by the mass media. Then, I analyzed the data using the anthropology of religion’s theory. In the field, I find the facts that the appearance of sampradayas have caused different perceptions among Balinese Hindus, which generally can be separated into three types: those who accept the sampradayas as a spiritual messenger; those who ignore the existence of sampradayas; and those who are suspicious about their appearance, that they would be harmful to the Balinese Hindu order, which is handed down from generation to generation. The culminating point of that rejection is that the government banned a sampradaya in 1984. The suspicion was also present inside the religious institution of Hindu community, the Parisada, which manifested in the mahasabha or the general meeting. The attendants of the meeting did not come to an agreement as to Parisada’s attitude toward sampradayas. On one side, some went Parisada to facilitate the sampradayas while the other side is the opposite. The conclusion is that the appearance of sampradayas in Bali has been causing different opinions within the society and within the institution of Parisada. |
||
| Title | : | Political Identity: A Case Study of Hindu Kaharingan Society in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan |
| Author | : | I Nyoman Sidi Astawa (CRCS, 2006) |
| Keywords | : | Politics, identity, Hindu, Kaharingan |
| Abstract | ||
| This research aimed to identify and describe the identity politics of the Hindu Kaharingan people. These identity politics were described by analyzing the process of searching for an identity they have been pursuing since the Old Order to the Reform Era. Additionally, it also aimed at analyzing the formation of the identity of the Hindu Kaharingan people and its correlation with the conflict between them and the Hindu Dharma people. This research used a descriptive-qualitative method with an case study of the Hindu Kaharingan people of Palangka Raya of Central Kalimantan. The data was collected using field observation of the identity politics and the formation of the identity of the Hindu Kaharingan people. In-depth interviews were conducted with the social religious figures who held the most important positions in the Kaharingan identity. The collected data was subsequently analyzed using the political approach that was elaborated in a descriptive-quantitative form. The results of the research were indicative of the presence of the formation of a Kaharingan cultural identity. Therefore, an identity politics (cultural strategy) emerged in the Hindu Kaharingan people. The identity politics seemed to have been used to mobilize the people in supporting the political activity in Palangka Raya. The identity politics has been being used since the Old Order, the New Order and the recent Reform Era. The use of the local identity in the political activity has resulted in a conflict among the Kaharingan people. The conflict took place between the Kaharingan people and the Hindu Dharma (Balinese) people. It resulted from the use of the identity politics by the Hindu Kaharingan people and the local political elite. The identity politics were practiced in the Hindu Kaharingan people, the Balinese Hindu people and outside of them. Therefore, it seemed as if the conflict was a religious one. Indeed, it was the conflict of identity and politics. It did not differ from those conflicts considered to be inter-religion taking place in other parts of Indonesia. The conflict taking place between the Hindu Kaharingan people and the Hindu Dharma people represented the process of identity formation of the Hindu Kaharingan people. The process that took place for long time has resulted in the identity variance in the Kaharingan people. The present identity of the Kaharingan people could be classified into three variances: Hindu Kaharingan, Kaharingan, Balinese Hindu Kaharingan. The Hindu Kaharingan and the Kaharingan could be clearly identified, while the Balinese Hindu Kaharingan was still vague. |
||
| Title | : | Ritual, Identity and Modernity: Redefinition of Aluk Todolo Community’s Belief in Tana Toraja of Sulawesi |
| Author | : | Idaman (CRCS, 2004) |
| Keywords | : | redefinition, contextualization, Aluk Todolo community, local genius |
| Abstract | ||
| The Purpose of the research tries to describe and identify the process of redefinition, together with the struggle of Aluk Todolo community in Tana Toraja maintaining theirs believe to the ancestors. The hypotheses that proposed here are: a) the process of redefinition that is constructed by other system of beliefs, the official religion of the state, try to construct terms of religious contextualization. The standardization of religious rituals of Aluk Todolo, however, is attained in terms of “colonizing” such a religion over the others. b) Impact of these processes is blurred sacred values within each ritual believes and understandings of Aluk Todolo’s tradition. Subject of thesis research is Aluk Todolo community in Tana Toraja of Sulawesi.The research of this community is related with the ability of the community maintaining the ritual proceedings to their ancestors. The way to maintain the originality and the existent of ritual believes of ancestral could be in types of accommodation and resistance as well. The collecting data is attained by using observing participants, both in the way of getting the information through texts and documents, taking the in depth interview to such a person, scholars, and certain respondent who have any relation to the topic being researched. Later on, the data, which collected through field research and library research, are then analyzed descriptively, interpretively, and critically as well.The result of research indicates that Aluk Todolo community face off and experienced the process of redefinition for the principal teaching and ritual of the then Aluk Todolo. Such process are done by the Indonesian government through tourism agents, official religious leaders in the name of contextualization, and ironically it also happens within the Aluk Todolo adherents in terms of scrupulous sacred values that practiced and understood by its adherents. They, then, attempted to maintain the ancestral teaching in context of social changing that widely occur in way of resistance and accommodation. The two kinds of behavior considered as the ability of AT community to develop their mode of surviving existence. This thesis convinced that in that way AT would be a model of local geniuses maintaining their existence. | ||
