• Tentang UGM
  • Portal Akademik
  • Pusat TI
  • Perpustakaan
  • Penelitian
Universitas Gadjah Mada
  • Home
  • About Us
    • About CRCS
    • Vision & Mission
    • People
      • Faculty Members
      • Visiting Lecturers
      • Staff Members
      • Students
      • Alumni
    • Facilities
    • Library
  • Master’s Program
    • Overview
    • Admission
    • Courses
    • Schedule
    • Scholarship
    • Accreditation
    • Crossculture Religious Studies Summer School
    • Student Service
    • Survey-2022
  • Article
    • Perspective
    • Book Review
    • Event Report
    • Class Journal
    • Interview
    • Wed Forum Report
    • Thesis Review
    • News
  • Publication
    • Reports
    • Books
    • Newsletter
    • Monthly Update
    • Infographic
  • Activities
    • Film
      • Indonesian Pluralities
      • Our Land is the Sea
    • Research
      • Overview
      • Resource Center
    • Community Service
      • Wednesday Forum
    • International Events
      • ICIR
      • Interfaith Mediation
      • IGSSCI
    • Student Achievements
  • Beranda
  • Wednesday Forum Report
  • The Disengagement of Jihadists in Poso

The Disengagement of Jihadists in Poso

  • Wednesday Forum Report
  • 27 March 2018, 12.20
  • Oleh: Admin Jr
  • 0

The Disengagement of Jihadists in Poso

Afifurrochman Sya’rani – 27 March 2018

The founder and director of the Center for the Study of Religion and Democracy (PUSAD) Paramadina, Ihsan Ali-Fauzi gave presentation at the CRCS-ICRS Wednesday Forum on February, 21, 2018, about the disengagement of jihadists in Poso, Central Sulawesi.

In the beginning of his presentation, Ali-Fauzi clarified what he meant by the term “disengagement” in contrast to the term “deradicalization” which is more popular. The former refers to “a decision by individual members of a terror group, radical movement, or gang to cease participation in acts of violence physically or psychologically”. The latter refers to “the delegitimation of the ideological principles that underpin the behavior”. Thus, while disengagement focuses on “a gradual process of internal reflection” to disengage from terrorism, deradicalization focuses on a process of eliminating ideologies underlying terrorism. Ali-Fauzi therefore contended that it is possible that a person “may disengage without fully deradicalized”.

According to Ali-Fauzi, Poso remains a unique case of study in comparison to other regions that suffered from communal conflict such as Ambon, North Maluku, and West Kalimantan. The arrival and infiltration of terrorist groups, such as Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) and Mujahidin KOMPAK, had transformed Poso from communal conflict (1998-2002) into terrorism (2002-2007). Besides, it is now possible to get access of information from both ex-jihadists who have disengaged from terrorism and those in prison who have not, while it was impossible before 2010.
Based on field research in Jakarta and Central Sulawesi and interviews with 23 current and former Poso-based jihadists, Ali-Fauzi presented three driving factors that lead to the disengagement of jihadists from violent extremism in Poso.

First, structural factors. The role of the state, especially the police, to eradicate terrorism in Poso has led jihadists to take into account the cost and benefit of conducting violent attacks. They do realize that contemporary situation of Poso is different from that in the past. There is no longer communal conflict between Muslims and Christians.
Second, push factors. The jihadists have started to doubt the ideology, leaders of their groups, and benefits of conducting violent attacks. This, in turn, leads them to rethink and reassess both their involvement in jihadist groups and the use of violence for societal change.

Third, pull factors. Pressures from jihadists’ spouse and parents have significantly contributed to their disengagement. Their encounter and “inter-personal relationship” with people outside their circle contribute to their rethinking and disengagement from violent extremism. Also, they have changed their “personal and professional priorities”. Being a jihadist is no longer important. Some of them are now busy with their jobs, for the sake of fulfilling their family needs.

In his presentation, Ali-Fauzi was also critical of the role of the state in countering violent extremism. “The role of the state and law enforcement has been ad hoc and inconsistent at best. This inconsistency has undermined the state’s ability to play a meaningful role in the disengagement of jihadists in Poso,” he stated. Although the state is likely to employ a humanist approach in its law enforcement efforts, the use of violence has nevertheless impeded them such as the case of Basri, a Poso terrorist.

Ali-Fauzi further told about the story of Arifuddin Lako, well known as Iin Brur, an ex-Poso jihadist. His radicalization began during the communal conflict in Poso. Many of his family members and friends were murdered. This drove Iin Brur to join Laskar Jihad for revenge. When the police did a massive combat of terrorism in Poso from 2007 to 2009, he was hiding. Some of his jihadist friends died, while some others were arrested. From his hideout, Iin Brur got news from television that jihadists in Poso were increasingly arrested by the Indonesian Special Detachment 88 (Densus 88). Since then, he was encouraged to reflect whether he would surrender himself to the police or not. This was the first moment leading to his disengagement. Finally, on November, 18, 2009, he voluntarily surrendered himself to the police.

According to Ali-Fauzi, the most profound factors that drive Iin Brur to psychologically and physically disengage from violent extremism is the pressure from his mother. From his hideout, he had been aware for a long time that his mother was eager that he would surrender himself to the police soon. He was also thinking about the future of his siblings. Yet, Ali-Fauzi contended that Iin Brur’s encounter and “inter-personal” relationship with people outside his jihadist circle contributed more to his disengagement. Adriany Badrah and Maskur, a married couple, whom Iin Brur knew as his guest house during hiding, frequently encouraged him to disengage from extremism. Iin Brur remembered that he was convinced that the communal conflict in Poso was more generated by revenge motives rather than religious motives.

Being released from prison on April 2015, Iin Brur has been very active in conducting peacebuilding activities in Poso. In the midst of 2016, he and his ex-jihadist friends successfully built Rumah Katu Marine Park (Taman Laut Rumah Katu) located at Madale beach, 10 km from the center of the city. On August, 19-20, 2016, Iin Brur and Rumah Katu Marine Park held what they called “one of the biggest sea festivals in Poso”.

Unfortunately, because of some problems, “Rumah Katu Marine Park” was not well-established. Since then, Iin Brur has focused on developing and strengthening “Komunitas Rumah Katu”, a Poso-based organization that aims to maintain and promote peace. This organization involves victims of the communal conflict, both Muslims and Christians. Iin Brur himself serves as the chief of the organization. On October 2017, thanks to local government and NGOs, he directed Jalan Pulang, a movie based on the story of his and his friends’ experience as ex-jihadists. Supported by local elites, the movie was first launched in Tentena and Poso city.

During the Q&A session, a participant asked about the ideological factor driving jihadists’ radicalization. Ali-Fauzi argued that ideological factor is misleading in understanding both the radicalization and disengagement of jihadists in Poso. In fact, most of them were radicalized because of their desire for vengeance instead of theological indoctrination. This may explain why using theological approach for deradicalization has frequently failed.

___________

Afifurrochman Sya’rani is CRCS student of the 2017 batch.

Tags: afifurrochman syarani Terorisme

Facebook

Facebook Pagelike Widget

Instagram

Have you ever been treated in a hospital with a di Have you ever been treated in a hospital with a different religious affiliation than what we believe in?

In an emergency, we often cannot choose where we will be treated. However, this "emergency" seems to be an entry point to get to know people who have different beliefs from us.

Come and join the discussion at Graduate School Building, Room 307, Universitas Gadjah Mada at 13.00 WIB.

#wednesdayforum is free and open for public
Berita kegagalan Indonesia menjadi tuan rumah Pial Berita kegagalan Indonesia menjadi tuan rumah Piala Dunia U-20 masih hangat di ruang media kita. Apa pun alasannya, "kekecewaan nasional" ini menunjukkan bahwa kultur sepak bola telah mengakar kuat di negeri ini. 

Di beberapa tempat di negara lain, sepak bola bukan sekadar mengakar sebagai kultur, melainkan sudah menghunjam menjadi kultus.

Simak tulisan @maryozaini mahasiswa magang CRCS UGM di situs web crcs ugm.
Pada tahun 2016 silam, Walt Disney Animation Studi Pada tahun 2016 silam, Walt Disney Animation Studios merilis "Zootopia", sebuah film animasi tentang peradaban hewan dan masalah kewargaan yang mereka alami. Di situ, hewan-hewan bertindak laiknya manusia bahkan memiliki sistem pemerintahan dan kewargaan yang tak kalah canggih. 

Tentu bukan peradaban utopis semacam itu yang dibayangkan oleh konsep kewargaan ekologis. Namun, keduanya punya persamaan: mengandaikan hewan, dan makhluk lain, sebagai bagian dari kesatuan warga negara; mengakui hak kewarganegaraan tidak sebatas manusia.

Simak tulisan menarik tentang kewargaan ekologis ini hanya di situs web crcs.
Religions and queer identities are often purported Religions and queer identities are often purportedly seen as antithetical to each other, impossible to reconcile, and harshly incompatible to be openly and mutually ‘holding hands’.

Yet in Indonesia, despite mainstream conservative attitude toward queer identities, queer-inclusive voices coming from faith leaders and queer activists are resisting and challenging the status quo.

Come and join the discussion at Graduate School Building, Room 306, Universitas Gadjah Mada at 16.00 WIB.

#wednesdayforum is free and open for public
Load More Follow on Instagram

Twitter

Tweets by crcsugm

Universitas Gadjah Mada

Gedung Sekolah Pascasarjana UGM, Floors 3-4
Jl. Teknika Utara, Pogung, Yogyakarta, 55284
Email address: crcs@ugm.ac.id

© CRCS - Universitas Gadjah Mada

KEBIJAKAN PRIVASI/PRIVACY POLICY

[EN] We use cookies to help our viewer get the best experience on our website. -- [ID] Kami menggunakan cookie untuk membantu pengunjung kami mendapatkan pengalaman terbaik di situs web kami.I Agree / Saya Setuju