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Field Trip to Jesuit Refugee Services

ArticlesBeritaHeadlineNews Tuesday, 20 December 2016

Anang G. Alfian | CRCS | Article

Fr. Maswan with CRCS students and lecturer
Fr. Maswan with CRCS students and lecturer of Religion and Globalization class

“Jesus as an infant fled with his family into exile. During his public life, he went about doing good and healing the sick, with nowhere to lay his head”.
We were finally in the next to last meeting of Religion and Globalization class. Having studied religion and globalization through the whole sessions, we have come to understand a lot about what role of religions play in accord to globalization and how globalization affects the way religions are concerned with humanitarian issues.
On Monday, November 21, 2016, we had a field trip to one faith-based-NGO to understand how such religious organization works for humanity. Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) is one of the well-known international organizations and it was a good place to learn the working field of faith-based organizations. Together with Gregory Vanderbilt as the lecturer of the class, we visited the national office of JRS in Yogyakarta and had a great time meeting Fr. Maswan, S.J., and learning directly from a member of the community
dsc04684Our visit began with Fr. Maswan’s presentation about the organization. Firstly established in Indonesia in 1999, Jesuit Refugees Services has been accompanying, advocating, and giving services to forcibly displaced people. Therefore, this organization has actually been well experienced in dealing with the issues. As we listen to his presentation, we come to realize that this problem of refugees and asylum seekers cannot be ignored for it belongs to international concern. The perpetuation of war, disasters, racial conflict, and many other causes make refugees seek for their safety life by migrating to other national boundaries.
However, it has never been easy for refugees because they have to face the legal and often difficult administrative regulations of the government where they are staying. This is exactly what happens to refugees in Indonesia. Because Indonesia has not ratified the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, refugees in Indonesia are not recognized as such by the Indonesian government—instead they are considered undocumented aliens—while they wait for recognition from the UNHCR which will allow them to resettle in another country. In some districts, refugees have to stay in detention center while waiting for their legal refugee status to be acknowledged by the law.
As recorded in JRS monitoring, refugees in Indonesia have reached a number of 4.344 people of whom 540 are female and 905 are children with 96 being unaccompanied minors and seperated children. So far, JRS has been accompanying two detention centers in Surabaya and Manado and being involved in other areas as well. In Aceh, JRS has advocated for protection over 625 people and has given psychosocial accompaniement to over 1558 refugees. In Yogyakarta, they are serving the refugees, mostly from Afghanistan, housed in the Ashrama Haji. They listen, accompany, and make activities to give hope for those people who had been separated from their family and their mother land.
So, where is exactly the religion to deal with this? This question come out of students trying to figure out the role of religion in this humanity organization. Then, the community member continued the presentation stating that the mission of JRS is intimately connected with the mission of Society of Jesus to serve faith and promote the justice of God’s kingdom in dialogues with cultures and religions. Yet, another student comes up with another concern, “Does it mean that JSR proselytize Christianity?” Well. This is very important because in the previous meeting, we read through Philip Fountain’s “Proselytizing Development” and he himself attended our class for discussing this topic. In sort, the religion has been inspired by the development organization as precedent in history while, vice versa, religion brings universal ethics to be put in dialogue with cultures and religion.
dsc04679In the last session of our discussion in JRS offices, Fr. Maswan emphasized some points such as it is the problem of humanity that we have to be concerned about and not at all concerned in religious kind of missionary work altough it might inspired the organization in its underlying ethics, building cooperation with other cultural, faith-based, and other types of organization. We also read the paper Fredy Torang (2013 batch) presented in Singapore about how JRS acts as an agent of “humanitarian diplomacy” between the refugees and the local communities and government. In 2017, JRS will continue lobbying local government to allow refugees to live in a community and not in detention and also monitoring the migration all over the world to help assisting the displaced people and consistently gives concern to human right and dignity.
 
 

"In the language of CRCS, God has no hands but yours."

ArticlesHeadlineNewsPerspectiveSPK news Monday, 19 December 2016

Gregory Vanderbilt | CRCS UGM | Perspective
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The kyai switched to English for just one sentence as he joined other village leaders in welcoming CRCS’s Eighth Diversity Management School or Sekolah Pengelolaan Keragaman (SPK) to the village of Mangundadi, 23 km west of Magelang, at the foot of Mt. Sumbing.  Perhaps his choice was to honor the diversity present in this group—or that the chasm from ivory tower to mountain village had been bridged for an afternoon—as we tried to absorb the dance performance based on the carved reliefs of Borobudur we had just experienced. Though the village is 24km away from the 10th-century sacred site, and Muslim, it and its arts are part of the Ruwat-Rawat Festival movement that seeks to re-sacralize the great Buddhist monument from the disenchantment of the tourism industry and the weight of the busloads that climb it each day to snap selfies and admire in passing the craftsmanship of a millenium ago.
We were there because of the friendship with Ruwat-Rawat founder Pak Sucoro that has developed over the last year thanks to CRCS alumna Wilis Rengganiasih.  Owner of the counter-narrative-producing Warung Info Jagad Cleguk across from the gates to the Borobudur parking lot and instigator of the eight-week festival each April-May, he had arranged an amazing afternoon for the excursion that has become an important change-of-page for SPK members after a week of ideas and passionate discussion.  On the Saturday of the ten-day long school, the twenty-five members of SPK plus facilitators and friends departed by bus the school’s venue at the Disaster Oasis in Kaliurang, heading first to the warung at Borobudur to meet our guides and then heading another hour west from Magelang.    
The road to the village of Mangundadi was too steep for our bus and so we were met at the main road by the pickups and motorcycles of the young men of the village.  Having climbed on board, off we went to Mangundadi, the motorcycles revving their engines in a chorus of welcome.  Afterwards SPK staffer Subandri admitted that he has now a tinge of positive feeling when he hears the youth gangs disrupt the city streets with their noisy machines, because what a welcome it was!  When we reached the village, women lined the lane to shake our hands as we were ushered into one house to catch our breath, and then to process around the village’s new mosque with the genungan ritual mountain of vegetables, followed by the groups of performers, children, youth, adults, already in gorgeous costume and make-up.   By the time we had feasted in another house, the performers were ready and, as the rain fell, they danced scenes from the stone reliefs.  In the end, Pak Sucoro pulled some of us onto the stage to move with them and then they offered their salims and went back to their villages. 
spk-gregIn the evening we returned to the Omah Semar retreat house near the monument-park for a discussion with Pak Sucoro about his vision of Borobudur as a universal spiritual heritage and as a place of spiritual significance for local culture, a place for Indonesian society to make a new choice, to live in harmony with God, nature, and each other.  The Ruwat-Rawat has incorporated and re-ignited local traditions by focusing them on a global question, the question I asked the Advanced Study of Buddhism students who met Pak Sucoro back in May: who owns Borobudur?  The next morning, walking across the lawns where his village once stood, we could see the stupa-monument in a new way. 
This was my third SPK since I came to CRCS in 2014.  For me, it is an opportunity to meet the activists, academics, government workers, and media people who come to participate and see how change is happening across Indonesia.  Each SPK may have its own character—this one, for example, was quicker to start singing than put on a mop of cringe-worthy joke telling—but the greater tone of excitement at being among others as serious of purpose and as ready to be challenged to greater intellectual depth is constant.  The participants are excited by guest insights from Bob Hefner and Dewi Candraningrum but even more by the well-developed program from a core of facilitators devoted to teaching “civic pluralism” as a paradigm for just co-existence in the contexts of Indonesian diversity, one basing access in the three Re-‘s of recognition, representation, and redistribution, combined with thinking systematically about such core CRCS emphases as taking apart religion as lived and governed in Indonesia, digging into research for advocacy and putting into practice the theories and methods of conflict resolution.  Equally important, they stay up late sharing their work, from teaching to preaching to activating NGOs to working conscientiously from inside government.  Some know of the program because they have heard about CRCS while visiting or studying in Yogyakarta; others, following friends and co-workers who applied previously; and others still from searching online for “pluralism school” in order to serve better as religious and social leaders.
Visiting SPK alumni in their homeplaces—Jakarta, Aceh, West Sumatra, and Jambi, so far—has also shown me glimpses of grass-roots possibility across Indonesia.  Trainings and workshops are regular features of Indonesian civil society, but it appears SPK leaves a more lasting impression on its participants.  This is perhaps because of the intensity of their twelve days in the aptly named Disaster Oasis and perhaps because it challenges them more to take an intellectually grounded, hopeful framework to the places they are working and asks them to return with a research project, on how a pluralistically civil society is being made in soccer clubs and local studies movements and activism for gender (five from SPK-VIII work against domestic violence) and ethnic equality and film festivals and women’s economic literacy programs in villages and so on.  In that way, the village kyai is right.
*The writer, Gregory Vanderbilt, is a lecturer at CRCS, teaching courses, among others, on religion and globalization; and advanced study of Christianity.

Kerja Cerdas dalam Advokasi Berbasis Riset

ArticlesHeadlineNewsSPK news Friday, 16 December 2016

Jekonia Tarigan | CRCS UGM | SPK News

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Kharisma Nugroho saat menjadi fasilitator SPK VIII. © CRCS Web

Pada hari keempat Sekolah Pengelolaan Keragamaan (SPK) angkatan ke-VIII tahun 2016 ini, tampak para peserta mulai dapat melihat muara dari upaya pendidikan yang dilakukan dalam SPK ini. Setelah beberapa hari bergaul dengan materi-materi yang menjadi landasan pembangunan kesadaran akan keberagaman dan penghargaan subjektifitas semua entitas dalam keberagaman, seperti teori identitas, reifikasi agama di Indonesia, dan lain sebagainya, para peserta dibawa ke ranah upaya mempraktikkan apa yang telah dipelajari.
Hal ini terwujud dalam topik “Advokasi Berbasis Riset” yang disampaikan oleh Kharisma Nugroho, seorang peneliti dan konsultan kebijakan-kebijakan publik dari KSI (Knowledge Sector Initiative) sebuah lembaga riset kerjasama Indonesia dan Australia yang bergerak dalam upaya mengangkat pengetahuan atau kearifan lokal dalam pembuatan kebijakan-kebijakan di tingkat daerah maupun nasional.
Dalam sesi ini disampaikan, semua peserta SPK perlu sampai pada titik di mana mereka terpanggil untuk melalukan sebuah upaya advokasi, yang secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai upaya memperjuangkan nilai-nilai atau ideal-ideal yang diyakini kebenarannya, misalnya mengadvokasi hak-hak masyarakat adat terhadap tanah adat mereka yang ingin dicaplok oleh perusahaan multinasional.
Namun fasilitator menekankan bahwa kerja advokasi bukanlah kerja otot (kerja keras) semata, sehingga basisnya bukan hanya emosi dan pemaksaan kehendak. Lebih dari itu, kerja advokasi adalah kerja otak (kerja cerdas), yang berarti bahwa orang-orang yang mengadvokasi harus tahu benar apa yang ia bela dan bagaimana cara membuat pembelaan dan perjuangannya itu berhasil.
Untuk itu, fasilitator menjelaskan ada tiga pengetahuan penting yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap peserta SPK, yakni: pertama, scientific knowledge, yaitu pengetahuan atau riset yang berbasis teori sebagaimana yang dapat diperoleh dalam kehidupan akademik di kampus; kedua,  financial knowledge, yaitu pengetahuan atau riset yang didorong oleh lembaga-lembaga donor tertentu yang menghendaki adanya kajian tentang sebuah topik atau kejadian sebelum mereka memberikan bantuan, dll; dan yang ketiga, bureaucratic knowledge, yaitu pengetahuan terkait pemahaman pemerintah atas sebuah hal atau peristiwa yang ingin diadvokasi oleh satu lembaga swadaya masyarakat tertentu. Ini karena pemerintah mempunyai logikanya tersendiri terkait sebuah kebijakan yang akan diambil yang membuat mereka tidak hanya perlu fokus pada satu hal yang diadvokasi oleh satu LSM atau lembaga riset, tetapi juga melihat urgensi dan keberlangsungan pelaksanaan kebijakan yang akan dibuat nantinya.
Dalam SPK ini dijelaskan pula bahwa para advokator perlu menjaga kredibilitas, dengan menjaga kualitas riset. Fasilitator mengingatkan bahwa advokasi berbasis riset atau penelitian harus benar-benar teliti dan mencari terus hal-hal yang ada di balik fenomena, dan bukan hanya melihat kulit luarnya saja.
Fasilitator memberikan contoh, ada sebuah penelitian tentang program BPJS di tahun 2015 yang menyatakan bahwa pelaksanaan BPJS buruk, terjadi antrian panjang, masyarakat bingung dan kebutuhan perempuan kurang diperhatikan. Informasi ini jelas baik, namun tidak menjawab pertanyaan “apa yang menyebabkannya fenomena tersebut terjadi?” Secara sederhana, fasilitator kemudian membuat penelitian dengan memperhatikan data-data bidang kesehatan sepuluh tahun terakhir. Dari data yang dimiliki, fasilitator menemukan bahwa dalam sebuah penelitian dengan metode wawancara ditemukan bahwa masyarakat yang merasa sakit selama satu bulan hanya sekitar 25%, namun setelah adanya BPJS masyarakat menjadi lebih mudah mengakses layanan kesehatan, sehingga permintaan layanan kesehatan naik hingga 60%.
Sebelum adanya BPJS mungkin masyarakat tidak terlalu banyak mengakses layanan kesehatan dikarenakan biaya yang mahal, namun setelah ada BPJS permintaan layanan kesehatan naik hampir 100% sementara jumlah fasilitas kesehatan dan tenaga medis tidak bertambah secara signifikan. Dari hasi penelitian ini penting sekali untuk menemukan akar dari sebuah persoalan, sehingga saat dilakukan upaya advokasi isu yang dibahas adalah isu yang esensial dan dapat menjadi landasan bagi pengambilan kebijakan.
Hal lain yang juga sangat penting dari sebuah upaya advokasi adalah perubahan paradigma dari para pelaku advokasi. Advokasi tidak selalu soal mengubah undang-undang atau sebuah kebijakan. Lebih dari itu, bukti dari perubahan itu tidak pula selalu soal pendirian lembaga tingkat nasional sampai daerah yang dimaksudkan untuk menangani satu isu tertentu, sebab belum tentu perubahan undang-undang dan pendirian lembaga itu merupakan jaminan terjadinya perubahan. Bisa jadi ini justru adalah jebakan baru (institutional trap) yang menjadikan perubahan semakin lambat terjadi. Oleh karena itu, fasilitator mengingatkan ada beberapa aspek yang menandai terjadinya perubahan setelah upaya advokasi yaitu:

New Economic Framework Based on Islamic Principle

ArticlesHeadlineNewsWednesday Forum Report Friday, 16 December 2016

Meta Ose Ginting | CRCS | Wednesday Forum Report

Akhmad Akbar Susamto, © CRCS Web

Akhmad Akbar Susamto, active lecturer in in the Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) started his presentation in Wednesday Forum about Islamic and Western economics by explaining the background behind the academic discipline of Islamic economics. Islamic economics has been developed based on a belief that Islam’s worldview differs from that of Western capitalism. Islamic economics has its own perspectives and values related to how decisions are made.  According to Susanto, the boundaries of Islamic economics as a social science or a discipline are closer to economics than to theology or to fiqh.
There is a strong impression telling that Islamic economics is in complete opposition with the Western conventional economics. Susanto argued that such an impression is wrong: although the Islamic worldview does differ from the worldview of Western capitalism, Islamic economics as an academic discipline was established to realize the Islamic worldview and can stand together with conventional economics established in the West.  Each can benefit from the other.
Susanto introduced a new framework for Islamic economic analysis that lays a foundation for the complementarity between Islamic and conventional or Western economics. This new framework can resolve the dilemma faced by Muslim economists and help to establish Islamic academic disciplines alongside their Western peers.
This new framework introduced by UGM economists to define the scope and methodology of Islamic economics. It is called the Bulak Sumur framework. The name is taken from the name of the place where UGM is located. Based on the framework, an economy can be considered Islamic as long as it constitutes visions and methods which are consistent with Islamic worldview and it is able to help and guide societies to transform their economy towards the achievement of welfare as Islamic worldview dictates. To be Islamic  requires not only separating the sacred and profane but being able to depict both the current state and the ideal state. Thus, the Bulaksumur Framework includes:

Field Trip to Kendheng: The Resistance of Samin People

ArticlesHeadlineNews Tuesday, 13 December 2016

Anang G. Alfian | CRCS | Article

CRCS Field Trip to Kendheng

The national news was shocked by a presence of nine middle-aged women pouring cement on their feet. It was on 13th April 2016, and the ‘Nine Kartini’ had made a long march from their villages in central Java to Jakarta to protest in front of Presidential Palace against a plan to build a cement company in Kendheng Mountain near Rembang, Pati, Grobogan.
Wanting to know more and study the problems faced by those women as well as the Samin indigenous culture, CRCS and ICRS students and lecturers traveled to Kendheng on Thursday-Friday, 24-25 November. This trip was aimed to give students an understanding of the real problems faced by the minority in preserving their lands and the place of religion and spirituality in their struggles.
Samin people have been famous recently for their resistance to cement production in Kendheng. Naming their community after their charismatic leader of the past, Samin Surosentiko, they have adopted his values of non-violence, reverence for life, resistance to injustice, bravery, and honesty.
In this trip, we were going to reflect what we had studied in the class involving subjects like religion and ecology, academic study of religion, and religion and conflict. Accompanied by Dewi Candraningrum, a feminist scholar and guest lecturer in our religion and ecology class, we were guided to reach their place in Sukolilo, Pati.
It took a five-hour journey by car to get there. As we arrived at Omah Kendheng, the place where Samin people gather, we were welcomed with warm hospitality. In the house with a wall made of woods and decorated with jugs attached around the wall, we catch an impression of a traditional Javanese nuance. There was also a gamelan in the right corner of the hall used by Samin people to preserve Javanese music and educate teenagers of their inheritance. Pak Gunretno, the leader, greeted us and served us lunch before we had discussion as planned.
Soon after that, we introduced ourselves and began the discussion. Started from Pak Gunretno, some important figures shared their explanation that the resistance to the cement company was because they want to preserve Kendheng Mountain. They proclaimed that it was their duty to preserve what they inherit from their ancestors. For them, nature is like a mother because it gives birth to natural resources for humans to consume. Therefore, exploiting it will only make the nature imbalanced and suffering from severe damage. Moreover, they argued that Central Java is supposed to be the source of rice fields and not exploited for underground materials.
Group Picture: CRCS Field Trip to Kendheng.

Moreover, they explained about their refusal to receive a formal education. For them, the goal of education is to teach how to behave in a good way and live with wisdom. They are also famous for not taking any profession or occupation besides farming because they believe that the farm itself is enough to give them life. Other questions about their resistance and history were also asked by the students. Finally, the discussion ended in the early evening and we continued watching movie made by them as their resistance to the cement company. The next day, we visited some places like the forest where the source of water used for the field irrigation and we ended up in the sacred tomb of spiritual figure. The forest has been preserved and it is forbidden for anyone, including locals, to exploit it. The sacred tomb is the place where people sometimes gather to pray and have rituals.
Finally, before we had to go back to Jogjakarta, we discussed with the lecturers about what we had learned from this community. Zainal Abidin Bagir, the head of CRCS and the lecturer of Religion, Science, and Ecology, argued that the mountain is their identity and they cannot live without it. That is why they struggle so hard for preserving the mountain from mining production. They were really dependent on water and land. Moreover, he said that we can also articulate the interdependency of knowledge and authority. In this case, Samin people has been much influenced by their charismatic leader, Pak Gunretno, who leads the movement. However, this kind of knowledge-authority relationship is also there within academic life like the production of science that inevitably has to bow to certain authority.
Nevertheless, this trip opened our minds to the problems of minorities and modern life. It is interesting how indigenous religion has to struggle for preserving the mountain but, on the other hand, modern world demands more natural resources for consumption. In religion and conflict perspectives, for instance, we can observe this soft resistance of Samin people and what possible ways there are to reach for a solution.  Many perspectives and experiences are as well needed to contribute and get involved in the academic study of religion.

“Investigating the Rumors about Head Hunting in Sumba”

ArticlesHeadlineNewsWednesday Forum Report Thursday, 8 December 2016

Meta Ose Ginting | CRCS | Wednesday Forum Report

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Adriana spoke about the rumors of head hunting in Sumba

The aim of this research is to examine the background of the rumors spread in Sumba especially in relation to “foreign intruders”. For Kabova, Sumbanese rumors in general are an effort to define themselves in opposition to outside forces and also a tool for maintaining the norms within the society. Rumors according to Kabova are uncertain knowledge that spread rapidly. She added also that rumors are stories which are believed by the community and transmitted to them because they resonate with their life circumstances and address their social and/or moral concerns. Rumors also are not something that needs to be proved or disproved.
In Sumba, Kabova focused her research in Waikabubak the west part of Sumba island. In her previous research, Kabova tried to find some pattern and relation in the motivation and imagination of the incoming tourists. In this project, she did some structured interview with local people as well as participant observation. In her efforts to gather information, Kabova also tried to gather some informal narratives to her time spent with the local people of Sumba.
One of the myths perceived by the Sumbanese is the myth about sacrifices for bridge construction. Resurfacing from time to time, these rumors say that victims’ heads and other parts of the body are used to help the building construction. They use the terms penyamun and djawa toris to refer to anyone trying to kidnap local people, especially children, and take their body parts. One of the participants told her: “In the past we recognized djawa toris immediately, because a djawa, unlike us, would wear long trousers.”  Djawa in the Lali dialect is anyone whose immediate ancestry is not from Sumba; djawa toris are those looking for body parts.
Following that, another idea about djawa toris or penyamun also talk about suspiciousness. “Maybe during the day he is good, but inside he is rotten.  He is alone, he has a machete and in the night we will slit our children’s throat”.  (Sumbanese woman talking about an Australian tourist). Due to this suspiciousness, tourists who do something outside the norm are considered djawa toris. Some places that tourist normally don’t go to will invite suspicion for the locals; tourists should stay in the cities and villages, should not go to the forest.  If they go somewhere outside the norm, they should explain where they are going, what they are going to do, how long, and why.
Another aspect of the rumors is the prominence of electricity. Kabova told her stories about how the old people are usually afraid of the electricity because they think it consists of human fresh blood. Blood in Sumbanese narrative is a symbol of power. In the context of Sumba, blood has duality. The cold blood and the hot blood. Hot blood is the blood where people die in a harmful way, like in violence. This hot blood believed to has ability to speak. By her explanation, the roots of the rumors could be traced back to the era of slave trade past centuries ago. The cultural memories remain in people’s remembrance through the narratives that have been told times to times. For example, she quoted Needham (one of the researchers in Sumba): “When I lived in Kodi , in the mid-fifties, the appearance of a strange vessel out at sea, or just a rumor of one, would provoke all the signs of a general panic; men look fiercely serious, and screaming women dashed to pick up their children.”
The scenario of the rumors happened in this way. The victims are the Sumbanese, Lolinese, Kabihu members, uma members.  The offenders are outsiders: missionaries, colonizers, Indonesian incomers, tourists, and state agents.  Rumors can also be understood as a form of protest against the loss of political autonomy. The last point Kabova made about the circulation of the rumors as the mechanism of social control. It is a way of the local people to maintain norms. Deviation is punished by with accusations and then ostracism. For example, a man (former prisoner) accused of being a penyamun was completely ostracized by the community and those around. Mentally ill people are also often accused of being penyamun. The other way this rumors also have been used perpetually by the thieves who want to steal the animals in their neighborhood.
Some fascinating questions came up in the Q and A session. One of them is the role of religious leaders in the rumors spreading and why people still believe it up to now? Kabova told that the reactions toward the rumors are different between people in the village and in town. People keep using the story for some reason like to educate their children even though they do not believe in it. Also, the social gap between the old and younger generation shows different reaction. Subandri also came up with the story that almost in every place of Indonesia we can find narratives of head hunters. And children are always the target. Kabova thinks it is because the children are the weakest among the society because they need protection from others.