| Title | : | Political Identity: A Case Study of Hindu Kaharingan Society in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan |
| Author | : | I Nyoman Sidi Astawa (CRCS, 2006) |
| Keywords | : | Politics, identity, Hindu, Kaharingan |
| Abstract | ||
| This research aimed to identify and describe the identity politics of the Hindu Kaharingan people. These identity politics were described by analyzing the process of searching for an identity they have been pursuing since the Old Order to the Reform Era. Additionally, it also aimed at analyzing the formation of the identity of the Hindu Kaharingan people and its correlation with the conflict between them and the Hindu Dharma people. This research used a descriptive-qualitative method with an case study of the Hindu Kaharingan people of Palangka Raya of Central Kalimantan. The data was collected using field observation of the identity politics and the formation of the identity of the Hindu Kaharingan people. In-depth interviews were conducted with the social religious figures who held the most important positions in the Kaharingan identity. The collected data was subsequently analyzed using the political approach that was elaborated in a descriptive-quantitative form. The results of the research were indicative of the presence of the formation of a Kaharingan cultural identity. Therefore, an identity politics (cultural strategy) emerged in the Hindu Kaharingan people. The identity politics seemed to have been used to mobilize the people in supporting the political activity in Palangka Raya. The identity politics has been being used since the Old Order, the New Order and the recent Reform Era. The use of the local identity in the political activity has resulted in a conflict among the Kaharingan people. The conflict took place between the Kaharingan people and the Hindu Dharma (Balinese) people. It resulted from the use of the identity politics by the Hindu Kaharingan people and the local political elite. The identity politics were practiced in the Hindu Kaharingan people, the Balinese Hindu people and outside of them. Therefore, it seemed as if the conflict was a religious one. Indeed, it was the conflict of identity and politics. It did not differ from those conflicts considered to be inter-religion taking place in other parts of Indonesia. The conflict taking place between the Hindu Kaharingan people and the Hindu Dharma people represented the process of identity formation of the Hindu Kaharingan people. The process that took place for long time has resulted in the identity variance in the Kaharingan people. The present identity of the Kaharingan people could be classified into three variances: Hindu Kaharingan, Kaharingan, Balinese Hindu Kaharingan. The Hindu Kaharingan and the Kaharingan could be clearly identified, while the Balinese Hindu Kaharingan was still vague. |
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Arsip:
Thesis Review
| Title | : | Ritual, Identity and Modernity: Redefinition of Aluk Todolo Community’s Belief in Tana Toraja of Sulawesi |
| Author | : | Idaman (CRCS, 2004) |
| Keywords | : | redefinition, contextualization, Aluk Todolo community, local genius |
| Abstract | ||
| The Purpose of the research tries to describe and identify the process of redefinition, together with the struggle of Aluk Todolo community in Tana Toraja maintaining theirs believe to the ancestors. The hypotheses that proposed here are: a) the process of redefinition that is constructed by other system of beliefs, the official religion of the state, try to construct terms of religious contextualization. The standardization of religious rituals of Aluk Todolo, however, is attained in terms of “colonizing” such a religion over the others. b) Impact of these processes is blurred sacred values within each ritual believes and understandings of Aluk Todolo’s tradition. Subject of thesis research is Aluk Todolo community in Tana Toraja of Sulawesi.The research of this community is related with the ability of the community maintaining the ritual proceedings to their ancestors. The way to maintain the originality and the existent of ritual believes of ancestral could be in types of accommodation and resistance as well. The collecting data is attained by using observing participants, both in the way of getting the information through texts and documents, taking the in depth interview to such a person, scholars, and certain respondent who have any relation to the topic being researched. Later on, the data, which collected through field research and library research, are then analyzed descriptively, interpretively, and critically as well.The result of research indicates that Aluk Todolo community face off and experienced the process of redefinition for the principal teaching and ritual of the then Aluk Todolo. Such process are done by the Indonesian government through tourism agents, official religious leaders in the name of contextualization, and ironically it also happens within the Aluk Todolo adherents in terms of scrupulous sacred values that practiced and understood by its adherents. They, then, attempted to maintain the ancestral teaching in context of social changing that widely occur in way of resistance and accommodation. The two kinds of behavior considered as the ability of AT community to develop their mode of surviving existence. This thesis convinced that in that way AT would be a model of local geniuses maintaining their existence. | ||
| Title | : | Dui’ Ménré: Bõné Bugínese Marriage in South Sulawesi |
| Author | : | Juhansar Andi Latief (CRCS, 2009) |
| Keywords | : | dui’ ménré, marriage, Bugínese, Bõné, custom, and religion. |
| Abstract | : | |
| This study aims to discover the cultural axiology of dui’ ménré in Bõné Bugínese marriage, South Sulawesi, which still exist in modernization time, and to identify and describe the role of the little tradition in it. The description and the argument about these things done through analysis of the form, the basic considerations, the principles that apply, and social consequences in the community life and its solutions.The research is a type of qualitative research with a focus on cultural studies, dui’ ménré in Bõné Bugínese marriage in South Sulawesi. The data were collected by field observation on the form, procedures and applicable precession in that culture; in depth interviews with leaders of culture, religion, society, government, and the actors themselves; and documentation in the form of picture and recordings of these cultures. Data were collected and analyzed using socio-anthropological approach presented descriptively and qualitatively. This study shows that the culture of dui’ ménré in Bõné Bugínese marriage still exist although it has experienced various shifts including the widening of the value, meaning, and purpose of the previous one. Therefore, ‘denials’ and the polemic in custom itself and between custom and religion which coloring the culture were happened after dignity, and pride in maintaining their ‘culture of prestige’, and to gain public recognition, as well as the waning of the traditional political power that caused the bird of ‘the rape of the custom’ by a fulfillment of ‘needs’. In fulfillment of these, the tap of negotiation opened as a way to reap a new legitimacy. |
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| Title | : | Da’wah of Cultural Islamic: A study of Appreciation Kiai Ahmad Masrur Mz (Born 1963) for Jatilan in Wukirsari Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta |
| Author | : | Muh. Hanif (CRCS, 2005) |
| Keywords | : | Kiai – Cultural Islamic mission – Appreciation of Jatilan |
| Abstract | : | |
| The objective of this research is to study the cultural Islamic mission (dakwah) undertaken by Kiai Masrur Ahmad MZ (born 1963) by utilizing the art of Jatilan dancing in Wukirsari village, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The focuses of the research are: 1) Kiai Masrur’s form of appreciation of the art of Jatilan dancing. 2) The reason why Kiai Masrur conducts the Islamic cultural mission in the form of the art of Jatilan dancing appreciation of: his thoughts, motives, and objectives in the appreciation. 3) The response of community towards the Islamic mission in the form of Jatilan dancing art?This research uses qualitative methods. The subjects of research are Kiai Masrur, the organizing board and santris of Pesantren Al Qodir, the Jatilan performers and Jatilan community in Wukirsari, the pros and cons towards this cultural Islamic mission. The gathering of the data was undertaken in the form of in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and evaluation of objective data (documentation). The fieldwork was carried out from September 2004 until February 2005 in Wukirsari Cangkringan Sleman Yogyakarta. The analysis of the data uses a descriptive-qualitative approach with an interactive model. The results of the research are: First, there are two forms of appreciation of Jatilan by Kiai Masrur: (a) Jatilan is used as a medium to establish communication with the Jatilan community in the forms of annual Jatilan festivals and performances, giving financial support to the Jatilan groups, and involving the Jatilan society in various Islamic gatherings (pengajian) within as well as outside the pesantren. (b) Jatilan as the target of dakwah in the form of reforming Jatilan to make it more Islamic in its outer as well as inner aspects. In the inner concept the Hindu concept of Trihitakarana and the concept of Javanese spirituality are changed and made closer to Islamic mystical concepts. Concerning the outer aspects, via the regulations of the Jatilan festival, the Jatilan dancer are not allowed to transgresses the orthodox limits of Islam such as trance, giving sacrifice to spirits (sesaji) and the like. The criteria for winning in the Jatilan festival are the beauty of the music, dancing, and singing. Second, The thought, motives, and objectives of Kiai Masrur’s cultural Islamic mission, in the form of Jatilan appreciation. a) The thought that all humankind in the eyes of God is considered as God’s vicegerent on the earth. Therefore, all of human kind has the duty to spread and the right to receive the mission, without discrimination. Art, including Jatilan can be used for dzirkrullah (the remembrance of God). Priority is given to amr ma’ruf before nahi munkar, communicating dakwah in a polite manner, and giving good examples (utswatun hasanah), at Takhalli (emptying oneself from those bad aspects), at Tahalli (filling oneself with good qualities), at Tajalli (receiving insight to see the truth), accommodating innovations without leaving tradition behind, being moderate in manner (tawasut), just (tawazun), tolerant (tasamuh), giving priority to tasawuf rather than fiqh. The goals of the appreciation of jatilan are: to facilitate the Islamic mission, develop social integration, explaining al Qodir’s position in not forbidding jatilan, to revitalize Javanese identity, and to advocate grass-roots society. The motives and objectives behind the cultural Islamic mission are: a political motivation to get the support from the masses, and the motivation to defend the beauty of art. Third, In response to Kiai Masrur’s cultural Islamic mission, the community are divided into two groups: the supportive group consists of the Jatilan community, a large part of which are members of NU Wukirsari, some kiais from other pesantrens outside Wukirsari. Whereas the objecting group consists of a larger part of Muhammadiyah members and to a smaller part of NU members. The basic difference between these two groups is that the supportive group uses thoughts based on Javanese mystical tradition, Islamic mysticism (tasawuf) which stresses love and solidarity towards all of humankind, appreciation of the diversity of religious expression and consideration of religion as part of culture. The other group, however, bases its thoughts on the principles of Islamic shari’ah as explicated in the textual tradition of Islam (Qur’an and Hadith) and practicing them strictly. It views religion as distinct from and superior to culture. Moreover, the differences are manifestation of in-group and out-group feeling and the different political orientations. History has proven that the cultural Islamic mission undertaken by the Walisongo and other Islamic leaders (dai) has been successful in spreading Islam in Indonesia, especially among the Javanese ethnic group. This model of Islamic mission appreciates local culture, avoids violence and oppression. This model is still relevant for contemporary and future development of Islamic mission. |
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| Title | : | The Perspective of Islamic Ethics on Abortion in the Case of Rape and Premarital Pregnancy |
| Author | : | Arief Aulia Rachman (CRCS, 2009) |
| Keywords | : | Islamic Ethics, Islamic Law (Fiqh), Ushul Fiqh, Abortion, Rape and Premarital pregnancy |
| Abstract | ||
| This thesis aims to determine and analyze the cases of abortion with the motive of rape and premarital pregnancy through the perspective of Islamic ethics. Islamic ethics is a framework to analyze abortion cases that become a middle course between normative (Islamic law) and non-normative decisions, taking into account the textual basis and the context of what happened. In addressing the above issues, this thesis focuses on the questions as follows: a) how is the formulation and the ethics concepts in Islam as a scientific framework and its own perspective?; b) how and what are the factors causing the abortion with a motive of rape and premarital pregnancies?; c) how is the Islamic ethics perspectives of abortion cases are caused by a motive of rape and premarital pregnancies. This thesis also discusses differences in the perspective or understanding of the Islamic ethics of abortion as Shafi, Maliki, Hanbali, and Hanafi, and the view of the Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI). So, the existence of fundamental disagreements between the pro-life and pro-choice to the abortion cases. The point of ethical theory and Islamic ethics which are discussed in this thesis is intended to find a systematic flow of thought in explaining the theory of Islamic ethics. Because, basically general conception of ethics emphasis the definition of ethical concepts, justification or assessment of the moral decisions, as well as distinguish between the actions or decisions good and bad. Based on the matter, the thesis is a normative research. The point is based on case studies of social or communal cases such as the abortion, and then analyzed by using the basis and the perspective of Islamic ethics. This thesis come to several findings namely: first, the Islamic ethics as a framework to determine reasonable perspective or ratio proportion are not far to the existence of revelation and it has an authority to criticize revelation while there is no clear legal provisions. Second, the abortion is influenced by various factors such as sexual violence, psychological pressure on these women, the medical effects such as pregnant women are suffering physical and mental illness, social counter the very strong to the unwanted pregnancies cases, and inaccurate interpretation and misuse of religious doctrine. Third, Islamic ethics assumes that the abortion of rape is ethical because the women under sexual coercion and violence which unwanted, whereas the motive of premarital pregnancies, as his ethical woman must resposible and save her pregnancy as a logical consequence for her actions. |
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| Title | : | Theology of Success and Spiritual Capital: the Study of Success Theology of Church Bethany Indonesia – Surabaya from the Perspective of Spiritual Capital in the Context of Indonesia |
| Author | : | Cindy Quartyamina Koan (CRCS, 2008) |
| Keywords | : | Indonesia Bethany Church, Theology of Success and Spiritual Capital |
| Abstract | ||
| Indonesia Bethany Church is a manifest of a successful church organization especially in Indonesia even in South East Asia. The root of that success is Abraham Alex Tanuseputra’s life story. He is the founder of the Bethany church as one with Successful Bethany Families motto. The success gave the appearance merely not within spiritual services but expands to physical world services such as finance, education, medical, entertainment, occupation include the economic activities for instance advertising and trading. Those services become the magnet which successfully attracts the Christian’s interest. The alteration from many Christian to be the Bethany’s parishioners is the indicator of Indonesia Bethany Church succeeds.
Deliberating about the success of Indonesia Bethany Church, immediately guide to theology of success as a doctrinal and practical foundation for all Bethany’s activities. Bethany’s theology of success reveals that God desired every Christians lives successfully means having whole excellent thing not the reverse yet somehow, increasingly into abundantly life. That is the successive lives which noticeable and measured as well embrace spiritual and material world. Spiritually pointing to obey the desire of God then materially develop into wealthy. Eventually, realization of the success depends on the success of material world where the stipulation is that every parishioner must be struggling to accomplish the wealthy life. Furthermore, Response to this, I would like to explore the strengths and weaknesses of the teaching of the theology of success by using the concept of Spiritual Capital from Danah Zohar and Ian Marshall. Principally, the terms spiritual and capital do not refer only to religions and merely physical capital. Furthermore, it is about divine values, motivations and principals that are convinced as true and able to produce a broad good impact for humanity and nature. In brief, Spiritual Capital tries to create economic activities without being self-oriented and make encounter between spiritualism and capitalism or economy. Indeed, we cannot deny that success is every person’s whish, therefore any theory which are including in the theology of success play big important role in creating the welfare for human, living beings and nature which not individualistic. For this reason, theology of success should be a theology that concern toward the reality of social lives whereas every parishioner are part of society. |
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