Divorce and Muslim Women’s Empowerment in Indonesia

Wednesday Forum – 02 November 2022

Muslim family law is a crucial determinant of women’s rights in many Muslim settings. Muslim family law is commonly interpreted to stipulate a family structure in which husbands are breadwinners and household leaders while wives are responsible for the domestic realm and may be expected to obey their husbands. However, gender norms and practices in majority Muslim societies have changed, with increasing numbers of women pursuing higher education and careers. This study examines Indonesian Muslim women’s divorce narratives during a period of increasing divorce cases. I find that by facilitating women’s exit from marriages, Indonesia’s Islamic courts accommodate women’s changing expectations of marriage. The case of Indonesia illuminates how a religious legal system may have unintended consequences, promoting women’s higher aspirations for marriage and potentially shifting gender norms more broadly.

Konversi Agama dalam Tarik Ulur Universalitas dan Relativitas HAM

Vikry Reinaldo Paais – 25 Oktober 2022

Praktik konversi agama atau berpindah agama cenderung menjadi isu sensasional dan hangat diperbincangkan. Fenomena ini terjadi di setiap kalangan, entah itu figur publik—seperti para artis dan elite politik, masyarakat awam, terlebih lagi jika dilakukan oleh petinggi agama. Tak pelak, isu konversi agama menuai pro dan kontra. Beberapa mendukungnya atas nama hak asasi manusia (HAM).  Ada pula yang menampiknya atas dalil ketidaktaatan dan pembangkangan terhadap ajaran agama. Padahal, tak bisa dimungkiri, konversi agama akan selalu ada sepanjang agama-agama itu eksis.

What’s Wrong with Our Theology: Towards a Contextual Epistemology

Wednesday Forum – 26 October 2022

Theologies of the major religions have over the centuries so colluded with empires that untangling its first principles from those that legitimize the oppressions of empires is difficult, if not impossible. This is a Christian theologian’s reflection on an alternative theological epistemology, based primarily on the principles proposed by Paulo Freire more than fifty years ago. Is it too late for religions, or can they listen to, learn from and live in deep solidarity with those in the margins? An innovate approach – Interfaith Peacemaker Teams – that combine the best practices of interreligious dialogue and Alinskian (as in Saul Alinsky) community organizing proposes an answer.

Otoritas Agama, Pengalaman Keseharian, dan Peran Ulama Perempuan

Andi Alfian – 20 Oktober 2022

Sebagai salah satu pemegang otoritas keagamaan, ulama tidak hanya bertugas membimbing, tetapi juga mengeluarkan pendapat berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam terkait persoalan yang dihadapi oleh umat, baik ritual keagamaan maupun aktivitas sosial kemasyarakatan. Pendapat-pendapat mereka inilah yang kemudian disebut sebagai fatwa.

Di Indonesia, dan banyak negara mayoritas muslim lain, perumusan fatwa nyaris semuanya dilakukan oleh ulama laki-laki. Padahal, sejumlah persoalan yang mereka diskusikan adalah hal-hal yang sangat dekat dan berimbas langsung dengan kehidupan dan pengalaman para perempuan muslim. Menanggapi situasi ini, gerakan kaderisasi ulama perempuan di Indonesia mulai tumbuh dan merebak dalam dekade terakhir. Salah satu tonggak pentingnya adalah Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia (KUPI). Kongres yang diadakan di Pondok Pesantren Kebon Jambu, Cirebon, Jawa Barat, pada 2017 ini berupaya menggerakkan dan menguatkan kelompok ulama perempuan agar terlibat aktif dalam penyelesaian persoalan umat muslim di Indonesia. Kongres tersebut menginspirasi Nor Ismah, Kepala LPPM Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta, untuk meneliti dan mengkaji persoalan ini lebih lanjut.

Grassroots Muslim Majoritarianism: An Analysis of Salafi Islamic Expansion in Makassar & Its Socio-political Significance

Wednesday Forum – 19 October 2022

Over the past 30 years, Indonesia has witnessed the growing prominence of a number of transnational Islamic revivalist movements. These have had a considerable impact on political culture, as the popularity of these movements has gone hand-in-hand with increasingly sectarian views across segments of Indonesian society. Yet how do such movements successfully transmit their ideas at the grassroots level and present them in ways that influence national political opinion? Conversely, how does such grassroots activism alter the message and social aims of such activists? I aim to address these questions by focusing on the city of Makassar, South Sulawesi, and the activism of Indonesia’s largest Salafi-influenced organisation, Wahdah Islamiyah. Illuminating how Wahdah Islamiyah have grown their local network of mosques and schools, and the subtle practices they deploy to frame their Islamic message in ways that both relate to the anxieties of their audience, I explain how they promote a Muslim majoritarian vision of society. More broadly, I conclude by assessing the extent to which such activism can form an understandings pertaining to the socio-political mobilisation of religious social movements, and what it may tell us about the health of democratic debate and pluralism in 21^st century Indonesia.

In Search of Allah: Queer Spiritual Space in Bissu Community, South Sulawesi

Wednesday Forum – 12 October 2022

The proliferation of conservative Islam has affected non-normative gender and sexuality groups’ experience and construction of identity, as it has impacted the Bissu community in South Sulawesi. Bissu can be categorized as pan-Indigenous, including gender, sexual, and/or spiritual identity. Within Indigenous communities with androgynous concepts in their cosmology, Bissu have culturally-specific ceremonial and social roles in Bugis culture. In this ongoing research, I seek to understand how Bissu have encountered confrontation and acceptance within their queer indigenous body and spiritual space and how it has impacted their ability to partake and learn their religion and culture.